Core | 核心
核心是什麼?
以往,一顆CPU(中央處理器)通常只有一顆核心,也就是處理器內接收和執行指令的元件。隨著科技進步,現在一顆中央處理器可以容納好多顆核心,每顆核心都能獨立作業,分別執行不同工作。核心內又可分為不同執行緒(或稱線程),這是作業系統進行運算排程的最小單位。擁有大量核心數和執行緒數的頂尖中央處理器,能夠身兼多職,同時完成許多不同任務。您可以用高速道路的概念來想像:與其維持一條通道,叫上面的車輛加快行駛,多核心的概念就是在同一條公路上開放多條車道,每條「車道」執行所分配的指令。
為何需要?
許多現代處理器都採用多核心架構,不但能加快指令執行速度、排除瓶頸和提升運算效能,還能導入最先進的運算方式,例如平行運算和分散式運算。廣被採用的高效能運算(HPC),仰賴搭載多核心處理器的伺服器互聯,組成有超級電腦運算層級的運算叢集。
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